Seabed Seismic Techniques

• This book dwells on the fundamentals of seabed seismic in terms of data acquisition, QC and pre-processing. The focus is on receivers placed on the seabed— hydrophones to measure pressure in water (p-waves), geophones or accelerometers to measure vertical particle motion (p-waves) and horizontal particle motion (s-waves). The discussion is mainly on four components (4C) which more or less covers other multi-component seismic techniques. The first three chapters end with a set of exercises that will be of tremendous help within the educational environment.
  

This book dwells on the fundamentals of seabed seismic in terms of data acquisition, QC and pre-processing. The focus is on receivers placed on the seabed— hydrophones to measure pressure in water (p-waves), geophones or accelerometers to measure vertical particle motion (p-waves) and horizontal particle motion (s-waves). The discussion is mainly on four components (4C) which more or less covers other multi-component seismic techniques. The first three chapters end with a set of exercises that will be of tremendous help within the educational environment. Chapter 1 defines seabed seismic and presents its advantages over conventional marine seismic methods. Experiences or implementation of the technique in some oil fields are given. In chapter 2, some basic signal properties are given, including the PS converted wave process and the derivation of the common conversion point (CCP) approximation formula. Basic data acquisition techniques are treated, including topics like sensor orientation, CCP binning and shear wave splitting. P-wave to S-wave velocity ratio (Gamma) is explained. The basics of QC and processing of seabed seismic data are treated in Chapter 3 where two model processing work-flows are showcased to explain the requisite data processing keys. The improvements in seabed seismic have not been without difficulties. Some of these challenges are treated in Chapter 4.

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